2024年专升本英语翻译干货攻略!
资源发布日期:2024-09-08
大部分省份专升本英语都是要考翻译的。然而大部分同学翻译都处于半放弃状态,本着能拿一分算一分的原则,直接“硬译”。但其实翻译跟写作一样,把固定句型、词组记住,仍然可以拿高分。今天小编为同学们准备了专升本英语翻译高频句型和词组,供同学们参考。
翻译常考词组短语盘点
1、几个典型例句
(1)......not so much......as (but)・・・与其说......还不如说......
(2)......not so much that......as (but) that......与其说......还不如说......
(3)......not so much as......(=not even) 甚至于不......, 连......也不......
(4)......might as well......as......与其说......还不如说......
例 1: He is not so much a teacher as a schoI ar.
译文:与其说他是老师,还不如说是学者。(注意翻译时动作的对象)
例 2 : It wasn’t so much hisappearanee I liked as hispersonality.
译文:与其说我喜欢他的外表,不如说我喜欢他的品格。
例 3: lt’s not so much that I don’t want to come but I just haven’t got the time.
译文:倒不是因为我不想来,而是我根本没有时间。
例 4: He didn’tso much as say thank you after all we’ddone for him.
译文:我们为他干了那么多事,他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。
例 5: You might as wellthrow your money into the sea as lend it to him.
译文:与其将钱借给他,还不如把钱丢进大海。(注意翻译时动作的对象)
[注意]: more ......than......
1)She is more beautifulthan her sister.她比她姐姐漂亮。
2)George is more intelligentthan aggressive. 与其说乔治言行放肆,不如说他聪颖过人。
以上第1)句是more......than结构的一般用法,即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比较;而第2)句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较。 因此要译成“与其说……还不如说……,”
More......than结构在上述1) 2)两句中的用法也适用于less......than 结构,得出相反的含义:
例如:
1)John is less daring than quick-witted.与其说约翰胆大,不如说他脑子灵活。
2)George was less intelligent than aggressive.与其说乔治聪颖过人,不如说他言行放肆。
2、几个不定代词的固定搭配:
have none of:不参加;不准;不接受
I willhave none of your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法!
He was offered a job but he said he' d have none of it. 他有一个工作机会,但他说他不接受。
none but (=nothing but): 只有 (=only)
None but the brave deserves the fair.只有英雄才配得上美人。
She chose none but the best.她只选最好的。
She is nothing but a child・她只不过是个孩子。
none other than:(表示惊讶)不是别人,正是......(=no one e I se but)
It' s none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa.
none the +比较级词+ for :毫不,一点也不
He spent 2 weeks in hospitalbut he' s none the better for it.
他在医院里待了两个星期,但一点也没好转。
My car is none the worse for wear.我的车子一点也没有损耗。
none the wiser :不知情
I f we take only one piece of cake, mot her will be none the wiser.
如果我们只拿一小块蛋糕,母亲是不会知道的。
none too:(在形容词或副词前)不太;一点都不
The service in this restaurant i s none too fast.这家旅馆的 服务一点效率都没有。
anything but:①除......之外什么都(此处的but等于except)②决不(=not at all)
I eat anything but (except) f i sh.除了鱼,我什么都吃。
She i s anything but a good cook.她决不是个好厨师。(即:除了 好厨师,她什么都是。)
anything of:①(疑问句/条件句)一点点;②(否定句)一点也(没有)
I s he anything of a poet?他有一点点诗人的样子吗?
I haven' t seen anything of h i m I ate I y.最近我没有见过他。 for anything:(否定句)(给什么都)不,决不
I won' t go there for anything.我决不去那里。
or anything:(意味着还有其他的可能性)
I f Bernard wants to ca I I me or anything, I' I I be here a I I day.
如果伯纳德要找我或什么的,我整天都会在这儿。
i f anything:若有任何不同的话
I f anything, my new job i s harder than my oId one.
要说有什么不同的话,我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。
or something:或什么的(表示说话者不能肯定)
She i s a stewardess or something.她是空姐或什么的。
somethinglike:有点像,大约
An airship i s shaped somethingIike a cigar.飞船的形状有点 像雪茄。
somethingof a...:多少有点,有几分像,略懂
he' s somethingof a book coIIector.他有几分像书籍收藏家。
somethingto / i n :(叙述等)有些道理
There' s someth ing to / in what you say; I' I I t ake your adv i ce.
你说的有些道理,我会接受你的建议
have / be something to do with: 与 有关
I think Guy Fawkes had / was someth ing to do with a p I a n to b I ow up the br i dge.
我想盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关。
n oth i ng but (二 none but = only):仅仅,只不过
We could see noth i ng but fog.除了雾之外我们什么也看不见。
for nothing:①免费的;②徒劳的;③无缘无故的
She got the ticket for noth i ng.她免费得到那张票。
AI I our preparat i on for nothing! No one' s even come to the party.
我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了!连一个人都没来。
They quar re I ed for noth i ng.他们无缘无故地争吵。
make noth ing of :(常和can —起用)不理解;不重视,轻视(=think nothing of)
I cou I d make noth i ng of the passage.我不理解这篇文章。
He makes / th i nks nothing of work ing ten hours a day. 他不在 乎一天工作十小时。
to say nothing of: 更不用说(二 not to mention / without ment i on i ng)
Three peopIe were bad Iy hurt, to say nothing of damage to the bu i I d i ng.
三个人受了重伤,建筑物的损害更不用说了。
have no th i ng to do with: 与 无关
I have noth i ng to do wi th the acc i dent.我与这场事故无关。
noth i ng i f not:格外地;非常地(二 very / much / extreme I y)
He was noth ing i f not c I ever.(二 He was very c I ever.) 他格外聪明。
nothing of: 无的部分;无的气质
There was noth i ng of the I ady i n her behav i or. 她的举止根本 没有淑女的气质。
区别:
all but几乎,差一点,除……以外其余都是
but for要不是
but that+从句:若不是
例 1: She a I I but fa i nted when she heard the news.
译文:她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。
注:此句中 but 意为 near I y, almost。
试对比:
AI I but the I i tt I e chi I dr e n though t that the tr i p was exc i t i ng.
译文:除了小孩,大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。
此句中 a I I but 意为 a11 except o
例 2: But for the ra i n we shou I d have a pIeasant journey. 译文:要不是下雨,我们的旅行本来是愉快的。
例 3: He wouId have he I ped us but that he was short of money at the time.
译文:若不是他那时缺钱,他是会帮助我们的。
注1). but that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。2) . but that有灵活 的译法。如:Noth i ng wou I d sat i sf y that child but that I p I ace her on my lap.(那孩子什么都不要,只要我把她抱在怀里。)
第二类盘点
1、''名词+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语,应译为"即.......; 或者称......;"
例 1 : Moreover, techno logy incIudes techn i ques, or ways to do th i ngs, as we I I as the mach i nes that may or may not be necessary to appIy them.
译文:再者,除机器外技术还包括技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技 艺并不一定都需要机器。
2.“only + tod。”意为“……,结果却•…“”,即表示与句子谓语 动作的目的相反的结果。
例 1 : They dorTt have to pay for expens i ve seats at the theatre, the ci nema or th€ opera, only to di scover, perhaps, that the show i s d i sappo i nt i ng.
译文:他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(如 果去了,)结果却可能发现,所演的节目令人失望。
例 2: They hurr i ed there only to f i nd the meet i ng canceIed.
译文:他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了。
3.not more / -er than 与 no more / -er than 结构
比较:
John is not better than Tom.
John i s no better than Tom.
前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”,属于普通的比较结构;后一例用了 no情况就不同了。no better than相当于as bad as,含义是两人一样 坏。这里,uno+形容词或副词比较级+ than"所表示的可以说是该形 容词或副词的反意。
例如:no r icher than = as poor as 和样穷
no b i gger than 二 as sma I I as 和样小
no later than 二 as ear I y as 和样早
同样地:
I have not taken more than s i x courses th i s semester.
I have taken no more than s i x courses th i s semester.
前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门;后一句的含义是只选了六 门。强调"少”
上述结构与表示前后都否定的no more. . . than (二not. . . any more than)又有所不同:
例:A wha I e i s no more a f i sh than a horse i s.(鲸和马同样不
是鱼。)
另外,在某些结构中,单独使用more than也能表示否定概念: 例仁That i s more than I can tell.我简直不能说。
例 2: My trip to Be i j i ng i s more than s i ghtsee i ng.我去北京 不仅仅是旅游观光而已。
4. no more・・・than・・・(二not.・・any more than) 和样都
不......(表示前后都否定)
例 1: The heart is no more inteI Ii gent than the stomach, for they are both contro I I ed by the bra i n.心脏和胃一样都无智力可言, 因 为它们都是由大脑控制的。
例 2: There i s no reaso n they shou I d I i m i t how much v i tam in you take, any more than they can I imit how much water you drink.
译文:他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命,就像他们不能限制你喝 多少水一样。
例 3: More and more Afro-Amer i cans see h i m as a tr i cky enemy who has no more Iove for them than he has for the Congo Iese・
译文:越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美 国黑人,正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译:…,他不爱美国黑人,正像他不爱刚果人一样。)
注释:not. . . any more than 是 no more. . . than 的一种强调形式。
例如:
1)Jack i s no more i nteI I i gent than John. (二Jack i s not
inteI Ii gent any more than John.)
杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。
2)A man can no more f I y than a b i rd can speak. (=A man cannot f I y any more than a bi rd can speak.)人不会飞翔,就像鸟不会说话一样。
3) As a nat ion, the French are no more eager to learn abou t t he i r wartime fa i I i ngs than are the Japanese. (=As a nation, the French are not eager to learn about the i r wartime fa i I i ngs any more than are the Japanese.)
作为一个国家,法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取 教训。
上述例句表明,no more. .. than并不表示比较,而是表示比喻,含 有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时,than后面的从句不用否定式,但译成 汉语时要用否定式。而与上述句型意义相反的是:no less. . . than,意为:
“和......同样是......”。例如:
Human i s no I ess an animal than a monkey i s.人和猴都是动物。 而no less than的意思为:"简直是,实在是",例如:
1)11 i s no I ess than bIackma i I to ask such a h i gh pr i ce. 如I 此索要高价,简直是敲诈。
2)11 is no less than a scanda I.这实在是一件丑闻。
7. not near I y (=by no means, far from) 远不
例 1: The food suppIy wiI I not increase near Iy enough to match th i s, wh i ch means that we are head i ng i nto a crisis i n the matter of producing and marketing food.
译文:食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食的 生产和购销方面正面临危机。
注:1) this是指上面提到的“到21世纪初世界人口将增加到60亿 或 70 亿"o 2) 又女口 : There are not near I y enough peop I e here to do the job.(这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)
第三类
1. “更不用说”的表示法:
much I ess
still I ess
以上两短语引导的词组或从句,表示一种追加的否定,less是由 little的比较级,所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中,可译为“更不用 说,更不必说”。
to say noth i ng of
not to speak of
not to mention
let alone
这四个词组也意为“更不用说乃,也是一种追补的说法。但它们与 much less和still less有所不同。这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定, 即前一句是肯定,则追加的也是肯定意义;如果前一句是否定,则追加的 是否定意义
例仁 I couId not agree to, much less partic i pate in such proceed i ngs.
译文:我不能同意这种行为,更谈不上参加这些行动了。
例 2: He knows I i ttIe of mathematics, and still I ess of chem i stry.
译文:他几乎不懂数学,更不用说化学了。
例 3: I d i d not even see h i m, still less (= much I ess) shake hands wi th hi m.
译文:我看也没有看见过他,哪里还谈得上同他握手呢?
例 4: I n o I d Ch i na, here was hardly a ny mach i n e~bu i I d i ng in dus try, to say nothing of an eIectronic i ndustry.
译文:在旧中国,几乎没有什么机器制造工业,更不用说电子工业了。
例 5: Sally takes singing and dancing I essons, to say nothing of sw i mm ing and tenn i s I essons.
译文:莎莉学了唱歌和舞蹈课,而且还学了游泳和网球课。
例 6: At that t ime they cou I d not afford the ord i nary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.
译文:那时他连普通生活都不能维持,更不要说奢侈品了。
例 7: They have thr ee f i ne sons, not to speak of the i r two 1 ove I y daughters.
译文:他们有了三个好儿子,而且还有两个可爱的女儿。
例 8: I dorTt know a I gebra or geometry, not to ment i on ca I cu I us.
译文:我连代数、几何都不懂,更不必说微积分了。
例 9: A11 they have to do i s press a button, and they can see pI ays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to ment i on politica I d i scuss i ons and the latest exc iting footba I I match.
译文:他们所要做的只是按一下电钮,就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌 剧和各式各样的演出,而且还能看到各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心 的足球赛。
例 10: I carTt add two and two, let alone do fractions.
译文:我连2加2都不会,更不要说做分数题了。
注意:美国成语词典认为let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是,有 的词典认为,该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如:There were f i ve peopIe i n the car, let a I one the I uggage and the two dogs.
2.noth i ng e I se than完全是,实在是
例 1: What the man sa i d was nothing eIse than nonsense.
译文:那人讲的话完全是一派胡言。
例 2: Your success was due to noth i ng eIse than your own d i Ii gence.
译文:你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奋。
3.It is not that. . . but that...这不是说・ ,而是说•
例 1 : It is not tha t the sea I es in the one case, and the ba I a nee in the other, d i ffer in the principles of the i r construct i on or manner of work i ng; but that the I atter i s much f i ner apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
译文:这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和另一种情况下所用的 天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别,而是说与前者相比,后者是一 种更精密得多的装置,因而在计量上必然更加准确。
4.can not. . . too... 再也不过分
例 1 : We cannot be too carefu I of hea I th.我们无论如何注意健 康也不为过。
例 2: You can not be too caref u I whe n you dr i ve a car. 你开车 时再小心也不过分。
例 3: We can not be too fa i thfu I to our dut i es.我们必须尽力 忠于职守。
5.other. . . than...或 other than...不同于,非;除了
例 I: PI ants wh i ch ref i ne crude ores are often located i n countr i es other than those in wh i ch the crude ores are mined.
译文:提炼矿石的厂房通常不是设在采矿石的国家而设在其它国家。
例 2: Reactions other than the des i red one often occur when reactants are brought together.
译文:当这些反应物放在一起时,常发生不希望有的一些反应。(即:......常发生与希望有的反应不同的反应。)
例 3: A I I parts of the house other t han the win dows were in good cond i t i on.
译文:除了窗之外,屋子的其它部分都完好无损。
6.・・・the last + n. +不定式或定语从句:意为“......最不可能的” 例 1 : She wou I d be the I ast person to go a I ong w i th the scheme・ 译文:她可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。
例 2: That"s the I ast thing I"d expect you to do.
译文:那是我最不期望你做的事情。
7.It is asserted that...有人断言・・・
It is be I i eved that...据认为....,人们相信.・・・
It is con s i dered that.・.有人认为・・・
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